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Also referred to as a motor, the engine is a device which can convert energy into a useful mechanical motion. When a motor changes heat energy into motion it is typically known as an engine. The engine can come in various types like for instance the external and internal combustion engine. An internal combustion engine typically burns a fuel with air and the resulting hot gases are used for creating power. Steam engines are an example of external combustion engines. They use heat in order to generate motion with a separate working fluid.
The electric motor takes electrical energy and produces mechanical motion via various electromagnetic fields. This is a typical type of motor. Several types of motors function through non-combustive chemical reactions, other kinds could use springs and be driven by elastic energy. Pneumatic motors function by compressed air. There are various designs based on the application required.
Internal combustion engines or ICEs
An internal combustion engine takes place whenever the combustion of fuel combines along with an oxidizer in a combustion chamber. In an internal combustion engine, the expansion of high pressure gases mixed together with high temperatures results in making use of direct force to some engine parts, for instance, nozzles, pistons or turbine blades. This force generates useful mechanical energy by moving the component over a distance. Normally, an internal combustion engine has intermittent combustion as seen in the popular 2- and 4-stroke piston engines and the Wankel rotating engine. The majority of rocket engines, jet engines and gas turbines fall into a second class of internal combustion engines known as continuous combustion, that occurs on the same previous principal described.
External combustion engines like for example steam or Sterling engines vary greatly from internal combustion engines. External combustion engines, where the energy is delivered to a working fluid like for instance pressurized water, liquid sodium and hot water or air that are heated in some sort of boiler. The working fluid is not mixed with, having or contaminated by combustion products.
Various designs of ICEs have been created and placed on the market together with various weaknesses and strengths. If powered by an energy dense fuel, the internal combustion engine produces an efficient power-to-weight ratio. Though ICEs have been successful in a lot of stationary applications, their real strength lies in mobile applications. Internal combustion engines dominate the power supply intended for vehicles like for instance cars, boats and aircrafts. Several hand-held power gadgets make use of either battery power or ICE devices.
External combustion engines
An external combustion engine uses a heat engine where a working fluid, like for example steam in steam engine or gas in a Stirling engine, is heated by combustion of an external source. This combustion occurs via a heat exchanger or via the engine wall. The fluid expands and acts upon the engine mechanism which produces motion. Afterwards, the fluid is cooled, and either compressed and used again or disposed, and cool fluid is pulled in.
The act of burning fuel using an oxidizer to supply heat is known as "combustion." External thermal engines may be of similar application and configuration but utilize a heat supply from sources like for example exothermic, geothermal, solar or nuclear reactions not involving combustion.
The working fluid can be of whatever constitution. Gas is the most common type of working fluid, yet single-phase liquid is occasionally utilized. In Organic Rankine Cycle or in the case of the steam engine, the working fluid changes phases between liquid and gas.
