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A torque converter is actually a fluid coupling that is utilized to be able to transfer rotating power from a prime mover, that is an electric motor or an internal combustion engine, to a rotating driven load. The torque converter is like a basic fluid coupling to take the place of a mechanical clutch. This enables the load to be separated from the main power source. A torque converter can provide the equivalent of a reduction gear by being able to multiply torque if there is a considerable difference between input and output rotational speed.
The most common type of torque converter utilized in automobile transmissions is the fluid coupling kind. In the 1920s there was even the Constantinesco or likewise known as pendulum-based torque converter. There are different mechanical designs used for constantly changeable transmissions which can multiply torque. For example, the Variomatic is a kind which has expanding pulleys and a belt drive.
The 2 element drive fluid coupling is incapable of multiplying torque. Torque converters have an component referred to as a stator. This changes the drive's characteristics all through occasions of high slippage and produces an increase in torque output.
There are a minimum of three rotating elements in a torque converter: the turbine, which drives the load, the impeller, that is mechanically driven by the prime mover and the stator, that is between the impeller and the turbine so that it can alter oil flow returning from the turbine to the impeller. Usually, the design of the torque converter dictates that the stator be stopped from rotating under any situation and this is where the word stator starts from. In point of fact, the stator is mounted on an overrunning clutch. This particular design stops the stator from counter rotating with respect to the prime mover while still permitting forward rotation.
In the three element design there have been modifications which have been incorporated at times. Where there is higher than normal torque manipulation is considered necessary, changes to the modifications have proven to be worthy. More often than not, these modifications have taken the form of multiple stators and turbines. Each set has been designed to produce differing amounts of torque multiplication. Various instances include the Dynaflow that uses a five element converter to be able to produce the wide range of torque multiplication required to propel a heavy vehicle.
While it is not strictly a component of classic torque converter design, different automotive converters include a lock-up clutch to be able to lessen heat and to improve cruising power transmission effectiveness. The application of the clutch locks the impeller to the turbine. This causes all power transmission to be mechanical that eliminates losses connected with fluid drive.
