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Generally the base that is bolted into a large concrete pad provides the necessary support for a tower crane. The base is connected to a tower or a mast and stabilizes the crane which is connected to the inside of the structure of the building. Normally, this attachment point is to an elevator shaft or to a concrete lift.
The mast of the crane is often a triangulated lattice structure that measures 10 feet square or 0.9m2. Connected to the very top of the mast is the slewing unit. The slewing unit is made of a motor and a gear which allows the crane to rotate.
Tower cranes are able to have a maximum unsupported height of eighty meters or two hundred sixty five feet. The tower crane's maximum lifting capacity is 16,642 kg or 39,690 lbs. with counter weights of twenty tons. Moreover, two limit switches are used in order to make certain that the operator does not overload the crane. There is also another safety feature called a load moment switch to make sure that the operator does not exceed the ton meter load rating. Last of all, the maximum reach of a tower crane is 70 meters or 230 feet.
There is definitely a science involved with erecting a tower crane, particularly due to their extreme heights. First, the stationary structure needs to be brought to the construction location by using a big tractor-trailer rig setup. Next, a mobile crane is utilized so as to assemble the machinery part of the jib and the crane. These parts are then attached to the mast. Then, the mobile crane adds counterweights. Forklifts and crawler cranes could be a few of the other industrial machinery that is usually utilized to erect a crane.
As the building is erected, mast extensions are added to the crane. This is how the crane's height can match the building's height. The crane crew utilizes what is called a top climber or a climbing frame which fits between the top of the mast and the slewing unit. A weight is hung on the jib by the work crew in order to balance the counterweight. When complete, the slewing unit can detach from the top of the mast. In the top climber, hydraulic rams are used to adjust the slewing unit up an extra twenty feet or 6.1m. Then, the operator of the crane uses the crane to insert and bolt into position one more mast part piece.
Using a Regular Counterbalance Forklift
1 Before operating the machinery, perform a pre-shift inspection. Occupational Safety and Health Administration guidelines do state that pre-shift checklists need to be performed every day or every shift. Every different machinery along with its attachments has its own checklist listing lights, emergency brakes, steering, brakes, controls, horn and safety features.
2 Start up the machinery and check controls. Primarily make sure that your seatbelt is fastened and the seat is securely in place and adjusted for your comfort. Look underneath the machine after you move it for any indications of leaks. The operation of each type of forklift is different.
3 Don't forget differences in the basics of forklift operation as opposed to a regular motor vehicle. The forklift's rear end swing occurs because of the fact that the truck steers using its rear wheels. Disregarding this fact is a major cause of accidents and injuries to employees. The nearly 90-degree turn from the front wheels should be made with great care. These top-heavy machinery have a high center of gravity even without a load. When moving or lifting a load this top-heaviness is exacerbated.
4 Keep forks close to the ground when traveling. Utilize care when approaching loads. Be certain the forks line up correctly with the pallet. Lift the load just as high as is needed, tilting it back to help stabilize the machine. Only drive backwards if the load is so bulky that it interferes with driver vision.
5 Before loading and unloading, check the wheels on trucks/trailers. When carrying a load, it is not advised to travel on inclines. The equipment is susceptible to tip-overs on an incline. When driving on a slope is unavoidable, always drive up the incline and back down. The load should be kept on the uphill side of the truck.
6 The forklift driver must always be in firm control all the time. Tipping over is the primary cause of operator injuries. The driver should never try to jump out of the truck in the event of a tip-over. The safest way is to lean away from the direction of fall while holding the steering wheel and bracing your feet.
